Articles / Dissemination, Pathology, Poultry Farming

Diagnostic clues in avian pathology – Infectious and parasitic

Dr. Jaime Borrell Valls - 4/10/2016

The purpose of this document is to provide the correct diagnosis of the most common diseases in poultry, using dichotomous keys based on the signs and lesions observed in animals.

This document is divided into three main sections: external symptoms very noticeable, external symptoms but with clear organic lesions with impaired reproduction and incubation. Within these three categories is a sub-classification that allows deepening the diagnosis according to the affected system.

It is necessary to note that in this work are presented a diagnostic practices clues and may not include all the symptoms that can present these diseases, but the most characteristic. In certain cases, additional diagnostic techniques use (such as microbiology, ELISA or PCR) or rely on the expertise of the pathologist to get at the final diagnosis.

While diagnosing, we must not forget that the same body can coexist different diseases, fact which complicates diagnosis. Moreover, most of infectious agents depend on other factors to cause disease, whether environmental, nutritional or genetic.

1. Very noticeableeExternal symptoms.

1.1 Respiratory

1.2 Digestives

1.3 Lameness – Arthritis

1.4 Nerviosos

1.5 Head

1.6 Skin

2. WITHOUT EXTERNAL SYMPTOMS BUT WITH CLEAR ORGANIC INJURY

2.1 Liver

2.2 Cardiac

2.3 Renales

2.4 Fabricio bag

2.5 Blood cups

3. WITH REPRODUCTION ALTERATIONS AND INCUBATION

3.1 Proper reproductive system

3.2 Related with shells

3.3 Related to the incubation

3.4 Low Fertility

4. WITHOUT VERY NOTABLE EXTERNALSIGNS

BREATHING

Essentially respiratory.

1. Essentially with high respiratory injuries:

– CORIZA

– SINUSITIS

2. Lesions in the larynx, trachea or syrinx:

– LARYNGOTRACHEITIS

– POX

– NEWCASTLE

– BRONCHITIS

– ASPERGILLOSIS

3. Lesions in the lungs and air sacs:

– MYCOPLASMOSIS

– ASPERGILLOSIS

– COLIBACILIOSIS

– CORIZA – PNEUMONIA

With another notable signs as respiratory

1. Septicemia
a)	COLERA
b)	COLIBACILOSIS
2. Nervious
c) with hemorrhages	NEWCASTLE
3. Skin
a)	DERMATITIS
4. Bursa of Fabricius	CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS
5. Kidney damage:
d) changes in the egg shell:	INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS
6. in head
e) with middle respiratory tract lesions:	POX
f) with upper respiratory tract lesions:	CORYZA
7. Lameness
a) with infections in chickens:	MYCOPLASMOSIS
8. Hepatic	COLIBACILOSIS
9. Cardiac	COLIBACILLOSIS

Digestives

Essentially digestive
1. With injuries mouth-buche	CANDIDASIS
2. Proventriculus and gizzard lesions:	CANDIDASIS-MICOSIS
	NECROTIC ENTERITIS
With gut injuries
1. with visible presence of parasites	INTESTINAL PARASITES
2. no visible parasites
Generalized enteritis:	MYCOTOXIN
	AMEBIASIS
	UNSPECIFIC ENTERITIS
	SALMONELLA
Regionalized enteritis:	VIRAL ENTERITIS TURKEY
	COCCIDIOSIS
	CANDIDASIS
	SALMONELLA
	NECROTIC ENTERITIS
	HEXAMITIASIS
With other signs such noticeable as digestive
1. Hepatic
a)	HISTOMONIASIS
b)	NECROTIC ENTERITIS
c)	SALMONELLA
d)	MYCOTOXIN
2. Lameless
a)	SALMONELLA
3. Breeders
a)	SALMONELLA
b)	MYCOTOXIN
4. Nervious
a) with ventricular injury	NEWCASTLE
b) with hepatorrea injury	MYCOTOXIN
5. Renal

Without external symptoms notables but with clear organ damage Part 2

Hepatic

1. Essentially hepatic
Specific lesions in the form of abscess or tumor:	MAREK
	HISTOMONIASIS
	ESTAFILOCOCIA
	TUBERCULOSIS
	LEUCOSIS
2. Diffuse lesions with hypertrophy	FATTY LIVER
	MYCOTOXIN
	ERYSIPELAS
	CLAMDIOSIS
	VIRAL HEPATITIS
	HEPATITIS
3. Injury hepatic peri	COLIBACILOSIS
With other notable lesions as hepatic injury
Digestives
a)	NECRITIC ENTERITIS
b)	MYCOTOXIN
c)	SALMONELLA
d)	HISTOMONIASIS
Nervious
a)	MAREK
Respiratory
a)	COLIBACILOSIS
In head
a)	ERYSIPELAS
Kidney
a)	FATTY LIVER
b)	LEUCOSIS
Haemorrhages	NECRITIC ENTERITIS

CARDIAC

Essentially cardiac
Warty endocarditis in mitral valve:	STREPTOCOCCAL
Myocarditis:	LISTERIOSIS
With other lesions as notables as cardiac
Respiratory
a)	COLIBACILOSIS-CDR

Kidney

Esencialmente kidney
With other lesions as notables as dilatation and renal pallor
Digestives:
a)	NECRITIC ENTERITIS
b)	AFLATOXINS
Hepatics
a)	FUTTY LIVER
Bursa of Fabricius
a) with bleeding	GUMBORO
b) with liver tumors:	LEUCOSIS
Respiratory
With reproduction problems:	INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS

BURSA OF FABRICIO

Essentially bursa
With other lesions such notables as busrsa
liver tumors
a)	MAREK
b)	LEUCOSIS
Hemorrhage
a) with renal injury	GUMBORO
Resiratory
a)Essentially tracheitis

BLOOD VESSELS

Essentially vascular lesions
With other notable lesions as vascular
Accompanying generalized bleeding.
a) deficient coagulation, arthritis, respiratory:	ANGER
b) deficient coagulation hepatorrea:	AFLATOXICOSIS
c) muscle bleeding, renal bursitis:	GUMBORO
Accompanying localized bleeding
a) In proventriculus and nervous:	NEWCASTLE
b) In proventriculus and enteritis	NECRITIC ENTERITIS
c) in gizzard	CANDIDIASIS MICOSIS
d) In intestine and hepatorrea	NECRITIC ENTERITIS
e) In various areas of intestine	COCCIDIOSIS
Accompanying petechiae
a) generalized and respiratory	SEPTICEMIA
b) in heart, fat and perihepatitis	COLIBACILOSIS
c) in heart, fat and nervous	NEWCASTLE
Anemic
a)	PARASITIC ANEMIA