Alteration in kidneys in laying hens

in this type of birds, it is common to observe lesions in kidneys at the necropsy. Among the most common causes, we could remark mycotoxicosis caused by aflatoxin and ochratoxin, or infectious bronchitis (IBV), since some strains of the virus have a tropism for the kidney. For the differential diagnosis, liver lesions, alterations in the oviduct, and haemorrhages in large muscles must be checked, in order to determine the specific cause of these renal alterations.